LIST OF MAIN PROJECTS, completed in 2011-2023

2023

1.  1.7.1.894. «Development of the scientific foundations of the thermal interaction of a building with the environment and increasing its energy efficiency based on the use of intelligent energy supply systems», 2020-2024.

In order to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and improve indoor air exchange systems, numerous studies have been carried out on the characteristics of heat transfer through recuperative ventilation systems. Numerical modeling of the temperature state of the air environment of the room during operation of this ventilation system was carried out. Its influence on temperature and humidity indicators of the air environment and heat loss from the premises during the winter period was determined. The work meets high international standards.

2.  1.7.1.907. «Justification of rational technologies and equipment for the  production of electrical and thermal energy based on local Ukrainian natural gas fields in the conditions of post-war reconstruction», 2023-2025.

According to the requirements of the technical specifications for the first stage of work, a systematic assessment of characteristics was carried out – balance reserve, flow rate, location relative to power lines and possible heat consumers, level of background air pollution, etc. new local natural gas fields discovered in Ukraine after 2000.  The main attention is paid to the fields of Western Ukraine, in particular the Kolodnetskoye gas field in the Stryisky district of the L’viv region. Based on the data obtained, an assessment was made of the possible production volumes of commercial natural gas, electricity and/or heat energy in comparison with local needs, the available possibilities for transferring gas and electricity to main gas and electricity networks for export and/or domestic consumption. Based on the assessments, rational options have been developed for the use of appropriate fuel resources for gas supply, electrical energy production, including for maneuverable support of local renewable energy and thermal energy stations, using gas piston, gas turbine and combined cycle gas plants, a detailed assessment of which is provided for in the next stages scientifically – research work. The work meets high international standards.

3.  7.1.1230. «Development of the technical foundations of a new highly efficient technology for burning artificial fuels from municipal solid waste and biomass in cogeneration power plants using hydrogen, oxygen, synthetic and biomethane to ensure the energy security of Ukraine»

According to the technical specifications, for the first stage of work, circuit solutions have been developed for the use of heat pumps in the proposed cogeneration plants to increase the thermal potential of condensate from flue gases. Based on the analysis of literature data on various technologies for the mechanical and biological treatment of municipal solid waste with the production of artificial solid fuel (RDF/SRF), its combustion in boiler plants and the purification of combustion products, estimates of the reliable thermodynamic parameters of flue gases (component composition, temperature, subject to recycling by heat pumps. Based on this information, a thermodynamic model of the processes of deep cooling of partially purified flue gases with condensation of water vapor and the transfer of cooling and condensation heat into the return network water of centralized heating systems (CHS) using heat pumps has been developed. Using the example of a typical central heating system operating according to a heating temperature schedule of 95°C/70°C and probable prices for electrical and thermal energy, the optimal values of the cooling temperature of partially purified flue gases, the technical parameters of the heat pump (type, required range of condensation and evaporation temperatures, power and operating power, depending on air temperature during the heating season, etc.) according to the economic criterion of maximum average annual profit for the life cycle. As a result, the technical feasibility and ability of operating a heat pump system for flue gas recovery as part of combustion systems for artificial solid fuel from waste (SRF) with a payback period for capital investments of 3.5-5 years was established in the case of using circuit solutions optimized according to the proposed model. The work meets high international standards.

4. Project 2022.01/0172 “Aerodynamics, heat transfer and innovation to improve the energy efficiency of window structures and their use for the restoration of war-damaged buildings in Ukraine.” National Research Foundation of Ukraine. 2023-2024. Competition “Science for the restoration of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods.”

As part of a scientific project, a method has been developed for numerical study of air flow in the gas layers of double-glazed windows and heat transfer. The method was used to determine the heat transfer characteristics of translucent structures. In particular: systems of two double-glazed windows without and with heat-ventilated space; three-chamber double-glazed window without low-emission coatings and with low-emission coatings; vacuum glass unit. The distributions of air speed and temperature in the chambers of a double-glazed window were determined. The heat transfer supports of the indicated translucent structures were calculated depending on the distance between the double-glazed windows for the case of double windows, on the number of low-emissivity coatings in a three-chamber double-glazed window, and on the pressure in the vacuum double-glazed window. Experimental studies were carried out on the thermal characteristics of double window structures, three-chamber, vacuum and double-glazed windows with nanostructured airgel, window profiles of various types (3, 5 and 6 chambers). The distributions of temperature and heat flows of the indicated objects of study were obtained and the corresponding heat transfer resistances were determined experimentally. It has been established that an effective measure to increase the energy efficiency of translucent structures is the use of double windows, three-chamber double-glazed windows and double-glazed windows with nanostructured airgel. The use of vacuum windows (in the sense of creating a vacuum) is not rational, since the effect is achieved only with a fore-vacuum and when using special vacuum glazing with a thin layer of high vacuum (0.1 Pa). A number of experimental studies of complex heat transfer through double-glazed windows and profile window systems of various designs were carried out under field and laboratory conditions. Based on the data obtained, a simplified engineering method for calculating the determination of thermal resistance of double-glazed windows for construction purposes was developed. The work meets high international standards. 

 5. Agreement №52-07/07-2023В «Innovative electrical appliances for heating premises in crisis (military) conditions». Youth project.

 As part of the first stage of the scientific project, a literature review of various types of electric heating devices was carried out. A study of the temperature distributions of a heating device in real operating conditions was carried out using thermal imaging examination, using the example of a metal panel electric wall heater with a working fluid – carbon dioxide, when heating a separate room of the building. As a result, thermograms were obtained, allowing for a qualitative assessment of thermal characteristics. Experimental measurements were also carried out of the speed and temperature of air in the room at the distance from the wall of the building and the values of heat flow from various surfaces of the heating device. Based on the results of a thermal imaging survey and experimental studies of the operation of the heating device, it was established that with a sufficiently low power (270 W), it showed effective operation in heating the premises of the building. The use of heating devices of this type will reduce risks that could negatively affect the heat supply to the population in war and post-war conditions, and will further enhance the energy security of Ukraine. The work meets high international standards.

 2022

1. Agreement № Н.Е.4.9-2021 «Increasing the efficiency of thermal power plants by recycling heat losses using heat pump technology» of Targeted scientific research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Intelligent, environmentally friendly energy with traditional and renewable energy sources” (“New Energy”).

In the course of scientific research, the following was considered and analyzed:

1. The volume of technical potential and the structure of heat losses of the thermal power plant have been determined.
2. Selected rational schemes for introducing waste heat pumps into the thermal circuit of a thermal power plant
3. A mathematical model has been developed for the utilization of heat losses of a thermal power plant using heat pumps (including in the gas cooling system of an electric generator), intended for calculating changes in the technical and economic indicators of the operation of a thermal power plant and the thermodynamic calculation of the parameters of the heat pump operating cycle.
4. A feasibility study has been carried out for the use of heat pumps to utilize heat losses from the cooling system of the electric generator of the thermal power plant.
5. Conducting a technological, energy and economic assessment of the feasibility of using waste heat from thermal power plants based on heat pump technologies.

Based on the analysis of the actual parameters of the heating power units of the thermal power plant, the volumes and structure of heat losses were determined, suggesting utilization by heat pumps. It has been determined that they constitute from 30 to 50% of the volume of useful heat supply, depending on the type of heating installations. The greatest reserve for beneficial use is the sensible and latent heat of exhaust gases, the heat of condensation of the ventilation passage of turbine steam, the heat of process water for cooling the turbine unit, machines and mechanisms of thermal power plants. The most favorable conditions for creating a demonstration sample of heat pump utilization have developed in the cooling systems of electric generators of thermal power plants. Based on this, the development of fundamental diagrams for the inclusion of heat pumps in the existing cooling schemes of the most powerful turbogenerators of the heating power unit of the type T-250/300 -240 UTMZ, which make up the bulk of the domestic fleet of heating turbines. A mathematical model of the processes of energy transfer and conversion in a heat pump recovery system was developed using the example of the cooling system of a turbogenerator of a T-250-240 power unit and was used to calculate the technical and economic indicators of the operation of a thermal power plant, on the basis of which a technical and economic proposal for the implementation of such systems is justified. The simple payback period for a heat pump gas cooling system is estimated at 2 years. It has been established that the economic feasibility of using heat recovery heaters at thermal power plants in the energy system at current prices for natural gas and coal is limited to the minimum values of the conversion coefficient at the level of 3.5-4, and this value decreases with rising gas prices. The operation of heat recovery heaters allows us to reduce prices for thermal energy, has a positive effect on the regulation of electrical loads, allowing us to increase the level of use of nuclear power plants in the system. The work meets high international standards.

2. 7.1.893 «Development and justification, based on the thermodynamic approach, of a new methodology for energy-economic analysis of cogeneration technologies and assessment of their energy efficiency indicators»

Methods for energy and economic analysis of efficiency indicators of power plants and combined production plants of electric energy and heat were studied. Exploratory developments of new methods for Ukraine for energy-economic analysis of the operation of combined production plants and installations have been carried out based on a combination of foreign experience in assessing the efficiency of thermal power plants in market conditions, price regulation and economic stimulation of their activities and domestic developments in the field of thermodynamic analysis of combined production. A new approach to energy-economic analysis and price regulation of thermal power plants in the conditions of a liberalized electricity market is proposed. Using the results of the work will make it possible to create new market approaches to managing the operation and development of thermal power plants, free from cross-product subsidies. The work meets high international standards.

3. 7.1.878 «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures during their interaction with thermal radiation». 2017-2021. (Targeted scientific research program of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Fundamental research into processes of energy conversion and use”)

Based on the results of theoretical, computational and experimental studies, the influence of the design features of double-glazed windows (the number of chambers in a double-glazed window, the thickness of the glass, the ratio of the width of the double-glazed window to its height, etc.) on the intensity of convection and radiation heat transfer through translucent structures was determined. The dependence of the structure of free convection flow between the inner and outer glass of a single-chamber double-glazed window on the thickness of the gas layer has been determined. The dependence of the thermal insulation characteristics of windows on the physical properties of the gaseous medium (density, thermal conductivity, viscosity) located in the layer between the glasses has been studied. The dependence of the intensity of radiation-convective heat transfer through translucent structures on the characteristics of the low-emission coating on the internal surfaces of double-glazed windows was found. It has been shown that in double-glazed windows without a low-emissivity coating, the main amount of heat is transferred along the radiation path, so the presence of this coating significantly increases the heat transfer resistance of windows. A thermophysical calculation model has been developed to determine the influence of solar radiation on the thermal regime of translucent structures. Using it, the volumes of heat entering the room with solar radiation through translucent structures in the winter period were determined. The influence of end heat flows on the temperature state of window structures and adjacent walls has been determined. The dependence of the operational characteristics and energy efficiency of the enclosing structure on the location of the translucent structure in relation to the window opening has been established.  The influence of the window frame profile configuration on the reduced resistance of a translucent structure has been studied. The value of heat transfer resistance of different window structures under real operating conditions was determined experimentally. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, recommendations were made on the main methods for increasing the energy efficiency of translucent enclosing structures and adjacent walls. The work meets high international standards.

4. 7.1.892 «Development of scientific and technical foundations for intensifying heat and mass transfer in porous media for materials of building structures and heat and power equipment» (Support for state-priority scientific research and scientific and technical (experimental) developments of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).

A modified k-ε RNG turbulence model for a porous medium is obtained based on the renormalization group method. The model allows one to numerically study the flow process in a cellular medium and determine the turbulent flow parameters. The perturbation method is adapted for the analysis of various types of hydrodynamic and thermal instability, in particular centrifugal instability. The results of calculations of centrifugal instability in a porous microchannel are presented, and the influence of the parameters of the porous medium on the critical Dean numbers is determined. The results of instability analysis make it possible to optimize the choice of characteristics of a cellular medium for the implementation of flows in various technological processes.

A study of heat transfer during liquid boiling on a vertical heated wall immersed in a porous medium was carried out when the medium parameters and heating conditions on the wall changed. It has been shown that the intensity of heat transfer during film boiling in a porous medium is weaker than in the absence of a porous medium and decreases with decreasing permeability of the porous medium. The influence of the Forchheimer parameter on heat transfer during film boiling in a cellular medium is determined. An increase in the Forheimer parameter leads to a deterioration in heat transfer, which is more significant at low values of the Darcy number.

A numerical model of heat transfer in a porous soil mass containing a U-shaped vertical heat collector has been constructed. The influence of the filtration properties of soil as a porous medium on the performance characteristics of a soil heat exchanger (heat collector) has been studied. The dependence of the energy characteristics of the collector as an element of a heat pump on the medium filling the pores, as well as on the porosity of the soil and the size of its particles, has been determined. It has been shown that the greatest amount of heat is removed from the soil when the pores are filled with water than when the pores are filled with air. In this case, a larger volume of removed heat is provided with a smaller particle size and less porosity. The work meets high international standards.

5. 7.1.894 «Development of the scientific foundations of the thermal interaction of a building with the environment and increasing its energy efficiency based on the use of intelligent energy supply systems» 2020-2024.

Numerical studies of heat and moisture transfer through the enclosing structures of buildings under time-varying external climatic conditions were performed. The dependence of the temperature and moisture content of the facade wall of the house on the temperature and relative humidity of the outside air was determined. The patterns of influence of solar radiation on the distribution of temperature and moisture content along the thickness of walls and the change in the nature of this distribution over time have been established. From the results of studies, it follows that in the winter, solar radiation contributes to an increase in the temperature in the room, both due to additional heat input from the internal surfaces of the room where the sun’s rays fall, as well as due to a decrease in dissipative heat losses through the outer wall. The characteristics of the flow and heat transfer of basalt melt in the feeder of a melting furnace are determined. The dependences of the flow characteristics and heat transfer of basalt melt in the feeder of a melting furnace on the temperature of the melt were found. The factors influencing the stability of the technological process and the uniformity of the ensemble of basalt fibers extracted from the plate spunbond feeder have been established. The influence on the characteristics of the flow and heat transfer of the melt of such factors as the cooling conditions of the lining, the initial temperature of the melt and the level of the melt in the furnace was determined. The work meets high international standards.

6. 7.1.898 «Development and optimization of energy-saving geothermal ventilation systems for energy-efficient buildings».

A series of full-scale experimental studies of heat exchange processes in a ground-air heat exchanger was carried out during year-round operation as part of a geothermal ventilation system for an energy-efficient house. As a result, the data obtained made it possible to develop an engineering methodology for calculating the thermal parameters of a geothermal ventilation system and optimizing the design of ground-air heat exchangers. The work meets high international standards.

7. «Development of experimental samples of equipment and technologies for burning pellets of agricultural origin (agricultural and wood pellets) with a thermal power of up to 30 kW» (Targeted scientific research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «Biofuel resources and bioenergy»).

An experimental installation based on a solid fuel boiler with a pellet burner for burning pellets of agricultural origin for heating a passive house of the IET of the NAS of Ukraine has been improved. The combustion of wood pellets in the combustion chamber of a solid fuel boiler was modeled and the thermohydraulic features of the flow in the “water jacket” of the boiler were presented. Experimental studies were carried out on the characteristics of burning pellets of agricultural origin, namely beet pulp and rapeseed, as well as wood pellets. Based on the constructed graphical dependencies, the main patterns of their combustion process were determined and the influence of operating parameters on the temperature distribution in the boiler combustion chamber was investigated. When burning wood pellets, CO and NO_x values were measured, which will make it possible to eliminate environmentally hazardous modes of pellet combustion in boilers in the future. The results obtained can be used to develop and improve devices for burning pellets of agricultural origin, as well as to select the most optimal combustion modes for these pellets in low-power boilers. The work meets high international standards.

8. Agreement № 14/01-2021(3).04.2021. «Heat exchange, hydrodynamics and coolant instability in innovative 0-energy building climate control systems». Grants from the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to research laboratories/groups of young scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to conduct research in priority areas of development of science and technology in 2021-2022. (Youth Laboratory).

In order to develop a methodology for operating air conditioning systems in modern energy-efficient buildings of various types and purposes, as well as to prevent the occurrence of instability of coolant flow in individual hydraulic circuits, the basic operating modes of such systems were scientifically substantiated. The technical features of different options for heat exchange equipment are analyzed: heating devices of different designs, ground heat exchangers – heat sources for a heat pump, as well as geothermal heat exchangers and heating circuits as components of a recuperative ventilation system. The possibility of using thermal power plants based on pulsating (vibrating) combustion, in particular, pulsating combustion boilers, for the needs of municipal energy sector has been analyzed. These boilers have a number of advantages, such as combustion intensification, improved heat transfer and reduced heat exchange area, reduced harmful emissions, etc., which makes them attractive in the heat and power sector of the market. However, the widespread introduction of pulsed combustion devices into technological processes is hampered by the lack of a reliable workflow theory for calculating design parameters when designing them and taking into account instability phenomena. Algorithms were developed for constructing periodic solutions of nonlinear dynamic systems with constant and variable delay arguments, which were used to control thermoacoustic oscillations and vibrational combustion. A model has been created to visualize the combustion process of various types of pellet fuel in the burner, which allows you to visually monitor the combustion process and adjust the combustion conditions using external influences (changes in the heating temperature of the pellets, additional air injection into the combustion chamber), which determines the necessary conditions for controlling the unstable combustion process of the pellet fuel. The work meets high international standards.

 2021

    1. Agreement № Н.Е.4.9-2021 «Increasing the efficiency of thermal power plants by recycling heat losses using heat pump technology» of Targeted scientific research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Intelligent, environmentally friendly energy with traditional and renewable energy sources” (“New Energy”).

During the implementation of scientific research, the following was considered and analyzed:

1. The volume of technical potential and the structure of heat losses of the thermal power plant have been determined.
2. Rational schemes for introducing waste heat pumps into the thermal circuit of the thermal power plant have been selected
3. A mathematical model has been developed for the utilization of heat losses from thermal power plants using heat pumps (including in the gas cooling system of an electric generator), intended for calculating changes in the technical and economic indicators of the operation of thermal power plants and carrying out thermodynamic calculations of the parameters of the heat pump operating cycle.
4. A feasibility study has been carried out for the use of heat pumps to utilize heat losses from the cooling system of the electric generator of a thermal power plant.
5. Conducting a technological, energy and economic assessment of the feasibility of using waste heat from thermal power plants based on heat pump technologies.

Based on the analysis of the actual parameters of the heating power units of the thermal power plant, the volumes and structure of heat losses were determined, suggesting utilization by heat pumps. It has been determined that they constitute from 30% to 50% of the volume of useful heat supply, depending on the type of heating installations. The greatest reserve for beneficial use is the sensible and latent heat of exhaust gases, the heat of condensation of the ventilation passage of turbine steam, the heat of process water for cooling the turbine unit, machines and mechanisms of thermal power plants. The most favorable conditions for creating a demonstration sample of heat pump utilization have developed in the cooling systems of electric generators of thermal power plants. Based on this, a conceptual scheme for incorporating heat pumps into the existing cooling circuits of the most powerful turbogenerators of the T-250/300-240 UTMZ heating power unit, which make up the bulk of the domestic fleet of heating turbines, has been developed. A mathematical model of the processes of energy transfer and conversion in a heat pump recovery system was developed using the example of the cooling system of a turbogenerator of a T-250-240 power unit and was used to calculate the technical and economic indicators of the operation of a thermal power plant, on the basis of which a technical and economic proposal for the implementation of such systems is justified. The simple payback period for a heat pump gas cooling system is estimated at 2 years. It has been established that the economic feasibility of using heat recovery heaters at thermal power plants in the energy system at current prices for natural gas and coal is limited to the minimum values of the conversion coefficient at the level of 3.5-4, and this value decreases with rising gas prices. The operation of HP-utilizers makes it possible to reduce prices for thermal energy, has a positive effect on the regulation of electrical loads, allowing to increase the level of use of nuclear power plants in the system. The work meets high international standards.

2. 7.1.893 «Development and justification, based on the thermodynamic approach, of a new methodology for energy-economic analysis of cogeneration technologies and assessment of their energy efficiency»

Methods for energy and economic analysis of efficiency indicators of power plants and combined production plants of electric energy and heat were studied. Exploratory developments of new methods for Ukraine for energy-economic analysis of the operation of combined production plants and installations have been carried out based on a combination of foreign experience in assessing the efficiency of thermal power plants in market conditions, price regulation and economic stimulation of their activities and domestic developments in the field of thermodynamic analysis of combined production. A new approach to energy-economic analysis and price regulation of thermal power plants in the conditions of a liberalized electricity market is proposed. Using the results of the work will make it possible to create new market approaches to managing the operation and development of thermal power plants, free from cross-product subsidies. The work meets high international standards.

3. 7.1.878 «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures during their interaction with thermal radiation». 2017-2021. (Targeted scientific research program of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Fundamental research into processes of energy conversion and use”)

Based on the results of theoretical, computational and experimental studies, the influence of the design features of glass units (the number of chambers in a glass unit, the thickness of the glass, the ratio of the width of the glass unit to its height, etc.) on the intensity of convection and radiation heat transfer through translucent structures was determined. The dependence of the structure of free convection flow between the inner and outer glass of a single-chamber glass unit on the thickness of the gas layer has been determined. The dependence of the thermal insulation characteristics of windows on the physical properties of the gaseous medium (density, thermal conductivity, viscosity) located in the layer between the glasses has been studied. The dependence of the intensity of radiation-convective heat transfer through translucent structures on the characteristics of the low-emission coating on the internal surfaces of glass units was found. It has been shown that in glass units without a low-emissivity coating, the main amount of heat is transferred along the radiation path, so the presence of this coating significantly increases the heat transfer resistance of windows. A thermophysical calculation model has been developed to determine the influence of solar radiation on the thermal regime of translucent structures. Using it, the volumes of heat entering the room with solar radiation through translucent structures in the winter period were determined. The influence of end heat flows on the temperature state of window structures and adjacent walls has been determined. The dependence of the operational characteristics and energy efficiency of the enclosing structure on the location of the translucent structure in relation to the window opening has been established. The influence of the window frame profile configuration on the reduced resistance of a translucent structure has been studied. The value of the heat transfer resistance of different window structures under real operating conditions was determined experimentally. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, recommendations were made on the main methods for increasing the energy efficiency of translucent enclosing structures and adjacent walls. The work meets high international standards.

4. 7.1.892 «Development of scientific and technical principles of intensification of heat and mass transfer in porous media for materials of building structures and heat energy equipment»

A modified k-ε RNG model of turbulence for a porous medium based on the renormalization group method was obtained. The model makes it possible to numerically study the flow process in a porous medium and determine the turbulent parameters of the flow. The perturbation method is adapted for the analysis of various types of hydrodynamic and thermal instability, in particular centrifugal instability. The results of the calculations of centrifugal instability in a porous microchannel are presented, the influence of the parameters of the porous medium on the critical Din numbers is determined. The results of the analysis of instability allow to optimize the selection of the characteristics of the porous medium for the implementation of flows in various technological processes.

A study of heat transfer during boiling of a liquid on a vertical heated wall immersed in a porous medium was carried out, subject to changes in the parameters of the medium and heating conditions on the wall. It is shown that the intensity of heat exchange during film boiling in a porous medium is weaker than in the absence of a porous medium and decreases with a decrease in the permeability of the porous medium. The influence of the Forchheimer parameter on heat transfer during film boiling in a porous medium is determined. An increase in the Forheimer parameter leads to a deterioration of the heat transfer, which is more significant at small values of the Darcy number.

A numerical model of heat transfer in the ground porous massif, which contains a U-shaped vertical heat collector, was created. The influence of the filtration properties of the ground as a porous medium on the performance characteristics of the ground heat exchanger (heat collector) was studied. The dependence of the energy performance characteristics of the collector, as a heat pump element, on the medium filling the pores, as well as on the porosity of the ground and the size of its particles, was determined. It is shown that the largest amount of heat is extracted from the ground under the conditions of filling the pores with water, than in the case of filling the pores with air. At the same time, a larger amount of extracted heat is provided with a smaller particle size and lower porosity. The work meets high international standards.

5. 7.1.894 «Development of scientific principles of thermal interaction of the building with the environment and improvement of its energy efficiency based on the application of intelligent energy supply systems». 2020-2024.

Numerical studies of heat and moisture transfer through the enclosing structures of buildings under time-varying external climatic conditions were carried out. The dependence of the temperature and moisture content of the front wall of the building on the temperature and relative humidity of the outside air was determined. The regularities of the influence of solar radiation on the distribution of temperature and moisture content along the thickness of the walls and on the change in the nature of this distribution over time have been established. From the results of numerous studies, it follows that in the winter period of the year, solar radiation helps to increase the temperature in the room both as a result of additional heat input from the internal surfaces of the room, where the sun’s rays fall, and also as a result of reducing dissipative heat loss through the outer wall. The characteristics of the flow and heat exchange of the basalt melt in the feeder of the melting furnace were determined. The dependence of flow characteristics and heat exchange of basalt melt in the feeder of the melting furnace on the temperature of the melt was found. The factors affecting the stability of the technological process and the homogeneity of the ensemble of basalt fibers extracted from the lamellar spinneret feeder have been established. The influence of such factors as lining cooling conditions, initial melt temperature, and melt level in the furnace on the flow characteristics and heat transfer of the melt was determined. The work meets high international standards.

6. 7.1.898 «Development and optimization of energy-saving geothermal ventilation systems for energy-efficient buildings». 2020-2024.

A series of full-scale experimental studies of heat exchange processes in the ground-air heat exchanger during its year-round operation as part of the geothermal ventilation system of an energy-efficient building was conducted. As a result, the obtained data made it possible to develop an engineering methodology for calculating the thermotechnical parameters of the geothermal ventilation system and to optimize the design of ground-air heat exchangers. The work meets high international standards.

7. «Development of experimental samples of equipment and technologies for burning pellets of agricultural origin (agroplant and wood pellets) with a heat capacity of up to 30 kW» (Target program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «Biofuel resources and bioenergy»).

An experimental installation based on a solid fuel boiler with a pellet burner for burning pellets of agricultural origin for passive house heating of the ITTF NAS of Ukraine has been improved. The combustion of wood pellets in the combustion chamber of a solid fuel boiler is simulated and the thermo-hydraulic features of the flow in the “water jacket” of the boiler are given. Experimental studies of the burning characteristics of pellets of agricultural origin, namely beet pulp and rapeseed pulp, as well as wood pellets, were conducted. On the basis of the constructed graphic dependencies, the main regularities of the process of their combustion were determined and the influence of mode parameters on the temperature distribution in the furnace chamber of the boiler was investigated. When burning wood pellets, CO and NO_x values were measured, which will allow in the future to exclude ecologically dangerous modes of burning pellets in boilers. The obtained results can be used for the development and improvement of devices for burning pellets of agricultural origin, as well as for choosing the most optimal modes of burning these pellets in low-power boilers. The work meets high international standards.

8. Agreement № 14/01-2021(3), 01.04.2021. «Heat exchange, hydrodynamics and instability of the heat carrier flow in innovative 0-energy building air conditioning systems». Grants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to research laboratories/groups of young scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for conducting research in priority areas of development of science and technology 2021-2022 (Youth laboratory).

In order to develop a method of operation of air conditioning systems of modern energy-efficient buildings of various types and purposes, as well as to prevent the occurrence of phenomena of instability of the heat carrier flow in individual hydraulic circuits, the main modes of operation of such systems were scientifically substantiated. The technical features of various options of heat exchange equipment are analyzed: heating devices of various designs, ground heat exchangers – heat sources for a heat pump, as well as geothermal heat exchangers and heating circuits, as components of the recuperative ventilation system. The possibility of using thermal power plants based on pulsating (vibrating) combustion, in particular pulsating combustion boilers, for the needs of communal energy is analyzed. These boilers have a number of advantages, such as intensification of combustion, improvement of heat transfer and reduction of the heat exchange area, reduction of harmful emissions, etc. This ensures their attractiveness in the heat energy sector of the market. However, the widespread introduction of pulsating combustion devices into technological processes is hindered by the lack of a reliable theory of the work process for calculating structural parameters during their design and taking into account instability phenomena. Algorithms for constructing periodic solutions of nonlinear dynamic systems with constant and variable lagging arguments were developed, which were used to control thermoacoustic oscillations and vibrational combustion. A model has been created to visualize the burning process of different types of pellet fuel in the burner. This makes it possible to visually monitor the combustion process and adjust the combustion conditions using external influences (changes in pellet heating temperature, additional air blowing into the combustion chamber), which determines the necessary conditions for managing the unstable combustion process of pellet fuel. The work meets high international standards.

Projects of the department in 2020

1. Agreement № Н.Е.4.9-2020 «Improving the efficiency of CHPPs by utilizing heat losses using heat pump technology» Target Research Program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Intelligent Environmentally Safe Energy with Traditional and Renewable Energy Sources” (“New Energy”).

The analysis and development of a schematic diagram of the heat pump utilization of the heat of cooling of the electric generator of the CHPP was carried out. The scheme of connection of heat pump evaporators in parallel with existing heat exchangers for cooling distillate by circulating water is chosen, taking into account the complex internal structure of the generator water cooling system and the presence of many technological limitations that exclude interference in existing CHPP. The scheme involves cooling the distillate of the system in the HP evaporator and transferring the extracted heat to the network water at two points: in front of the steam turbine boilers and in front of the peak hot water boilers of the CHPP (parallel to the boilers). The choice of the priority option for the connection point should be made on the basis of a feasibility study. A mathematical model of cooling heat utilization has been developed, which includes the heat balance equation for the main elements of the existing cooling circuit: generator and exciter gas coolers, thyristor converter and generator stator heat exchangers, and HP evaporator. This system is complemented by a model of energy conversion in the heat pump. The model makes it possible to determine the temperature regimes of the evaporator and condenser, the thermal and electrical power of the heat pump depending on temperature changes and the flow of network water through the condenser, provided that the required distillate cooling temperature is provided for two options for including the HP condenser in the network water heating circuit. The model is implemented as a computer program designed to calculate changes in the technical and economic indicators of CHP operation and thermodynamic calculation of the parameters of the heat pump operating cycle. Work meets high-level international standards.

2. Agreement № 4-20 «Scientific, technical, economic and environmental foundations for low-carbon development of communal thermal power engineering in cooperation with related industries of the fuel and energy complex» Target interdisciplinary project of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific-technical and economic-environmental foundations of low-carbon development of Ukraine” (“Decarbonization”).

Based on a critical analysis of the strategic programs of the European Commission, the experience and plans of the European countries that have achieved the greatest success in reducing greenhouse emissions and have a clear idea and realistic plans for the energy transition to sustainable carbon-free development (Germany, Denmark), a package of urgent, medium-term and promising areas for reducing carbon footprint of Ukraine’s communal thermal power industry, covering, in particular, such technological measures:

• reducing the need for heating and cooling of buildings through the introduction of innovative thermal protection technologies, including the construction of “passive” buildings such as “zero-energy”;
• improving the energy efficiency of production, transportation and supply of thermal energy using domestic innovative solutions by optimizing thermal processes in boiler plants, introducing deep utilization of waste gases, low-toxic burners, optimizing the spatial structure and standard sizes of main and distribution heating networks according to actual loads, insulation and laying heating mains , wide use in heat supply systems for waste heat from technological processes, waste incineration and biofuel boilers, solar collectors, etc.;
• expanding the use of electricity in heat supply as the use of renewable energy power plants increases with priority support for energy-efficient variable power systems that can take part in the current and seasonal balancing of the energy system in order to create the basis for the further introduction of renewable energy-based power plants;
• stimulation of electrification of heat supply on the basis of “green” heat pumps, giving priority to systems of combined generation of heat and cold, systems with seasonal accumulations, and systems with natural sources of heat and cold.;
• transfer of CHPPs as part of the CHS, if technically possible, to the mode of supporting replaceable electrical loads with an increase in the maneuvering range and mobility, the introduction of thermal storage and/or electric heating based on the experience of the corresponding reconstruction of thermal power plants in Denmark and Germany;
• in the longer term, the development of technologies for the production, storage and use of hydrogen and derived synthetic fuels for emission-free production of heat and/or electric energy and other needs of public utilities.

A mathematical model for balancing a carbon-free energy system based on nuclear power plants and renewable energy sources with energy storage systems of various types and/or consumer regulators has been proposed and tested, with the help of which such technical and economic indicators as hourly schedules and the structure of electricity production by types of generating sources have been studied, total energy intensity and input and output power of storage stations, the required power values and the hourly schedule of electricity consumption by consumers – regulators, the maximum volumes of their production of thermal energy and / or hydrogen, depending on the ratio of nuclear power plants and renewable energy sources capacities. The composition and parameters of the carbon-free system necessary to cover the existing needs of electricity, replace emission sources of thermal energy and produce hydrogen to replace end-use natural gas are determined. Based on research materials, 1 article has been published, 1 article is in press. The work meets international high-level standards

3. 7.1.893 «Development and justification on the basis of the thermodynamic approach of a new methodology and assessment of indicators of their energy efficiency».

A technique and program codes for calculating the actual efficiency indicators of TPPs and CHPs of combined production of electric and thermal energy by the thermodynamic method have been developed. For a number of CHPPs and TPPs of Ukraine, comparative estimates of changes in the reported and actual values of specific fuel consumption for the supply of electrical and thermal energy over the past 20 years were made. It has been established that the reported performance indicators, in contrast to thermodynamic ones, partially reflect the actual changes in the level of CHP perfection, having disturbances due to changes in the methods of their calculation and deviated from the actual values in different ways. TPPs and CHPPs, whose reporting figures were close to the actual ones, retained their competitive potential in the heat and electricity markets of Ukraine, while others lost a large share of heat loads. The study meets high-level international standards.

4. Agreement № 19, 03.02.2020 -2020 «The accumulative heat supply system of the building based on the use of renewable energy sources and electricity of the night power consumption dip.»

Methods and means have been developed to reduce the night dip in Ukraine’s power consumption due to its optimal management by end consumers (in particular, buildings and the population) by creating a heat-storage daily system of electric heat supply to buildings and structures (heating, hot water supply and air conditioning) using: electric energy at night. electrical loads; innovative technologies for daily accumulation of heat (cold); daytime use of additional warmth of insolation; modern algorithms and means of automation and control. An innovative and economically attractive technology has been created to maintain the required temperature regime of the building using electric energy during the hours of minimum night electric load of the Unified Energy (Electric) System of Ukraine and daytime use of additional heat from insolation.

On the basis of theoretical research and introducing the latest engineering achievements in instrumentation, a schematic diagram was developed and an accumulation electric heating system was created for an experimental passive house of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the Bulakhovsky st., 2. The developed technology meets high-level international standards.

5. 7.1.878 «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures during their interaction with thermal radiation» (Targeted research program of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «Fundamental research on the processes of transformation and use of energy»).

By means of numerical simulation, a study of the naturally convective movement of air in a narrow channel of the inter-glass space of the central part of a single-chamber double-glazed window was carried out. It is shown that the cyclic mode of air flow in the form of ascending and descending boundary layers under certain conditions, depending on the width of the channel, the transverse temperature gradient, the angle of inclination and height of the channel, loses stability and goes into a vortex mode like Rayleigh-Benard cells. The research allowed to establish the critical values of the Rayleigh number (Ra), at which there is a change in the air flow regime in the space between the glass sheets of the double-glazed window. In this case, we are talking about a certain range of values of the Rayleigh number: 6.07 • 103 <Ra <6.7 • 103. During the simulation, the value of the thermal resistance of the central part of a single-chamber double-glazed window was determined depending on the width, angle of inclination and transverse temperature gradient of the double-glazed window. The work meets high-level international standards.

6. 7.1.892 «Development of scientific and technical bases for the intensification of heat and mass transfer in porous media for materials of building structures and heat and power equipment» (Support for state-priority scientific research and scientific and technical (experimental) developments of the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine).

Using the mesh model for a capillary-porous material, a numerical method has been developed for calculating the heat and moisture transfer through the porous structures of structural elements of building materials. The calculation model is designed to determine the distribution over the thickness of the material and the nature of the change in time of temperature, partial pressure of water vapor and moisture content of the material depending on the conditions in the external air. It is based on the numerical solution of the system of mass balance equations for liquid moisture and water vapor and heat balance for the vapor-air medium, liquid moisture and the solid fraction of a capillary-porous material. It is taken into account that the mass transfer of the gas phase components through the porous material occurs by diffusion and filtration, and the transfer of the liquid component by filtration in the presence of a capillary pressure gradient. On the contact surfaces of the gas, liquid, and solid phases, conditions of the fourth kind are set, taking into account the presence of evaporation or condensation of moisture on the surfaces of the liquid phase. The work meets high-level international standards.

7. 7.1.894 «Development of scientific foundations for the thermal interaction of a building with the environment and increasing its energy efficiency based on the use of intelligent energy supply systems»

Heat losses through the enclosing structures of buildings and structures in many cases are determined by their architectural features and the conditions of aerodynamic interaction with the wind flow. To identify the corresponding dependences of heat loss on heat transfer through the building envelope and structures, six CFD models of free-standing structures in the surface layer of the atmosphere were developed. Numerous building models have the same heat transfer surface area, but different heights and lengths. Numerical modeling of heat transfer of structures in a wind flow in a three-dimensional formulation made it possible to establish the dependences of heat transfer through building envelopes depending on the height of the building, wall material and wind flow characteristics. The work meets high-level international standards.

8. 7.1.898 «Development and optimization of energy-saving geothermal ventilation systems for energy efficient houses»

Experimental and theoretical studies of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in soil-air heat exchangers have been carried out: experimental studies of pressure-flow characteristics of the ground-air heat exchanger circuit at varying air velocities; experimental studies of the temperature of the exhaust air depending on climatic conditions during the year. A thermophysical model of heat transfer in a ground-air heat exchanger has been developed. The work meets high-level international standards.

9. Agreement № ТД25/20 «Development of a portable unit for automated measurements of the thermal characteristics of the external building envelope»

A portable unit for automated measurements of the thermal characteristics of the building’s external enclosing structures has been created. A series of full-scale experimental studies of heat transfer processes through a double-glazed window with electric heating was carried out. Due to the affordable pricing policy for semiconductor sensors and the relative ease of implementation of the measuring system, it is advisable to use them in studies of heat transfer processes in buildings. One of the distinguishing features of the use of the developed portable unit is the presence of a unique serial identification code inside the measuring sensor itself, which allows them to be connected in parallel to a single communication line with a personal computer. This greatly simplifies the connection of the measuring system to the computer and reduces the number of connecting wires. This feature allows the creation of a multichannel system for measuring the thermal characteristics of the object under study. A wide range of supply voltage (3-5.5 V) and low power consumption allows the use of the proposed measuring system without an additional power source (from the USB port of a personal computer). The work meets high-level international standards.

10. Agreement №12-20. «Development of experimental models of equipment and technologies for burning pellets of agricultural origin (agro-vegetable and wood pellets) with a thermal power of up to 30 kW» The first stage “Study of the energy characteristics of bioenergetic herbaceous and woody crops as a biofuel raw material”.

The analysis of data on the potential of growing energy crops in Ukraine was carried out, their applications and how many tons of reference fuel can be replaced with agropellets. The main physical and energy characteristics of raw materials from biomass are determined. The features of the use of agropellets in the municipal sector are clarified, as well as the problems of using agropellets in the energy sector of Ukraine are analyzed. During the execution of the work, experimental studies of the heat of combustion of wood pellets and pellets of agricultural origin were conducted. As a result, the values of higher and lower calorific value, moisture content and ash content of straw pellets were determined. The softening temperature of ash formed after burning straw pellets and its melting temperature are also determined. The work meets high-level international standards.

11. Agreement № 52-07/08-2020. «Improving the energy efficiency of buildings using regenerative geothermal ventilation» (as part of the program of research work of young scientists of the NAS of Ukraine, 2019-2020). Complex experimental studies were conducted and their data were compared with the results of calculations based on the developed numerical model of complex heat exchange processes. This made it possible to conduct an analysis of the thermal parameters of air-ground heat exchangers that have different diameters of pipelinesThe results of the work correspond to high-level international standards and were implemented during the development of the working project at “DAN Power Equipment Plant” LLC. The implementation of the results of the work in the form of widespread use of geothermal ventilation systems with optimal parameters in the housing and communal economy will allow to improve the state of the environment in the future by reducing the consumption of organic fuel at heat generation and centralized heat supply enterprises.

Projects of the department in 2019

1. 1.7.1.878 «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures in their interaction with thermal radiation».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Numerical simulation of heat transfer through multivariate translucent enclosing structures is carried out. The influence of end heat fluxes on the temperature state of window structures and walls adjacent to them is determined. The influence of the location of the translucent structure with respect to the window opening on the operational characteristics and energy efficiency of the building envelope is studied. The analysis of the dependences of the thermal characteristics of different window designs using the developed thermophysical model is carried out. Determined heat loss through the end faces of translucent walling. Studies level corresponds to a high-level international standard.

2. 1.7.1.886 «Thermo-hydraulic instability of coolant flows and the development of thermophysical mechanisms to overcome its destructive effects on elements of power equipment»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Based on the results of numerical modeling of natural convection air flow in a vertical channel with a local internal heat source, regularities of the influence of the heat source power and geometric characteristics of the channel on the amplitude and frequency of pressure fluctuations in the channel are established. The proposals are formulated to reduce the amplitude of pressure fluctuations in order to prevent the destructive effect of instability effects in the flow on the elements of power equipment. Developed software codes for numerical study of instability criteria based on the perturbation method. Studies level corresponds to a high-level international standard.

3. «Improving the efficiency of thermal power plants by utilizing heat losses using heat pump technology» in the framework of the target program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «New Energy»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The scope of the technical potential and the heat loss structure of the CHPP were determined. Rational schemes for introducing heat recovery pumps into thermal circuits of thermal power plants, schemes for incorporating a heat pump into a gas cooling system of a generator have been selected, mathematical models of the processes for extracting cooling heat in heat pump evaporators, increasing the potential of extracted heat in compression type heat pumps, transferring the extracted heat to the heating network water have been developed networks of thermal power plants, as well as related processes that arise in this case in the energy system.

In the course of the research, the structural and operational features of the gas cooling systems of generators with a capacity of 2.5 to 250 MW were analyzed, which are practically used at thermal power plants and thermal power systems of Ukraine, and the potential of heat losses that can be utilized by a heat pump is determined.

4. «Development of a portable unit for automated measurements of the thermal characteristics of the building envelope» as part of the target research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Semiconductor materials, technologies and sensors for technical systems of diagnostics, control and management” for 2018-2020.

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The analysis of existing heat flow measuring instruments and trends in creating a metrological support system for measuring heat flux density is carried out. At a special laboratory calibration unit and in real operating conditions, studies were conducted to evaluate the calibration coefficients of heat flux sensors based on the Peltier effect of the measurement temperature. A highly efficient calibration setup for heat flux sensors based on the Peltier effect has been developed. Experimental studies of the heat transfer of a translucent enclosing structure with electric heating using heat flux and temperature sensors have been performed. During such measurements, two types of heat flux sensors were used: semiconductor and thermocouple-battery types. By comparing the data obtained, verification coefficients were established for semiconductor heat flux sensors of different sizes. The level of research complies with international standards of a high level.

5. «Development of technologies and equipment for burning biofuel of agricultural origin» within the framework of the target research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine «Biofuel resources and bioenergy» for 2018-2020.

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A constructive design of an experimental burner model using a retort with a lower fuel supply by one screw feeder was developed. The experimental burner has been brought to a working state, the conditions for its stable operation with the relevant indicators of process control, completeness of fuel burnout and emission indicators of pollutants have been identified. The burner provides the release of volatile substances and their ignition in the burner space with the formation of a burning torch in the furnace space of the boiler. The achieved power of the experimental burner of 65 kW corresponds to the calculated one. Experimental studies of the combustion of crushed fuel in a retort burner together with a screw feeder were carried out. Experimental studies of the heat of combustion of pellets of agricultural origin were carried out, the value of the higher and lower heat of combustion of different types of agro-pellets was established, the characteristic features of the temperature conditions of the boiler when burning agro-pellets and wood pellets were determined. The emission of CO and NO_x during the combustion of crushed fuel in a burner with a constant total excess of air and a variable fraction of secondary air was studied, which made it possible to identify the combustion modes acceptable for implementation in industrial equipment of various capacities. The level of research complies with international standards of a high level.

6. «Development of measures to improve the energy efficiency of the building with the consistent implementation of measures: an energy-efficient house; “Passive” house; house “Zero Energy”; “Smart House; house as a micro smart grid system» within the framework of the target comprehensive interdisciplinary research program of the NAS of Ukraine to develop the scientific foundations for the rational use of natural resource potential and sustainable development for 2015-2019.

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A new methodology has been developed for determining energy efficiency indicators for buildings that enclose building structures and the practice of energy audits using a diagnostic center for such events – a demonstration of a passive zero-energy building with energy from renewable energy sources (natural and accumulated heat of the ground, insolation, and wind flow energy). This demonstration facility plays the role of a scientific and methodological center for training university students in thermal power specialties, as well as advanced training for specialists involved in the development of energy-efficient technologies for energy supply of buildings and their energy audit. For the first time, a criterion is proposed for determining the heat and power consumption of a building; on this basis, a definition and analytical expression for the energy efficiency of a building are proposed taking into account heating and cooling processes and the climate of the territory. Work was done to create a modern legislative and legal framework and regulatory and technical framework for the wide implementation of projects to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. The level of research complies with international standards of a high level.

7. «Improving the energy efficiency of buildings using regenerative geothermal ventilation» as part of the program of research work of young scientists of the NAS of Ukraine.

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

   8. A scientifically based methodology has been developed for the creation, optimization of heat engineering parameters and the operation of energy-saving systems of geothermal regenerative ventilation based on the use of renewable energy sources (ground heat) for modern energy-efficient buildings of various types and purposes (including passive buildings, “0-energy” and others). The level of research complies with international standards of a high level.

 «Modernization of production of energy-efficient windows at a window factory» (Shaoxin, Zheyang, Kegao District, China).

9. Participation in the grant: CERTIFICATE No. 019-122. Corresponding Member NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Basok B.I. participates in a grant program on the topic «A new project for the industrialization of ultra-efficient microchannel heat exchanger» Period: January 1, 2019 – January 24, 2020 (China).

Projects of the department in 2018

1. «Energy modeling of the building taking into account its design features, energy supply system, environment and climate»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The CFD model has been created, which allows conducting research on aerodynamics and heat exchange of buildings and structures located in the zone of dense urban development, with the environment. The model allows assessing the basic parameters of the heat exchange of buildings with the environment under the influence of wind flows in the conditions of daily oscillations of the intensity of solar radiation and air temperature at any time of the year. As a result of numerous experiments, estimates of the temperature state of the enclosing structures of the passive type experimental building located within the boundaries of urban development, in the conditions of radiation-convective heat exchange with the environment and adjacent buildings. The simulation results showed that structures located in close proximity to each other, as well as daily changes in solar radiation and air temperature, wind streams, significantly affect the thermal regime of fencing structures. The complexity of impulse and energy transfer processes in the interaction of buildings and constructions with the environment virtually eliminates simple solutions that reduce the use of regulated heat transfer coefficients for the estimation of convective heat exchange with the environment on the external surfaces of the enclosing structures, the temperature-humidity regime of the wall structures of buildings. The influence of solar radiation on the heat balance of premises during the winter period of the year was determined.

2. «Development and optimization of low-temperature heating systems based on renewable energy sources».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The optimum low-temperature heat supply systems, which use renewable energy sources and provide proper sanitary-and-hygienic conditions in premises at minimum heat losses, are determined. Experimental researches of heat exchange processes in water floor heating systems with a bifilar and G-shaped layout of the contour and concrete-binding screed have been carried out. Experimental researches of heat exchange processes in water floor heating systems of a dry method of installation with various finishing floor coverings have been carried out. The study of the processes of complex heat transfer in systems of water underfloor heating of various types of installation allowed developing a nomogram engineering method for calculating the thermal engineering parameters of such a system for different modes of its operation. This technique can be recommended for the design of systems of water underfloor heating in a wide range of thermal power with the value of the density of heat flux on the surface from 20 to 120 W/m², at a flow rate of heat carrier from 0,001 to 0,012 m³/s, the mounting step between the axes of pipes from 125 to 200 mm and internal diameter of the pipe of the circuit from 0.008 to 0.015 m.

3. «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures when they interact with thermal radiation».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Experimental and theoretical studies of the influence of solar radiation on the thermal mode of translucent structures have been carried out. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional thermophysical models of aerodynamics and heat transfer were created in a non-stationary setting for studying the influence of solar radiation on the thermal regime of translucent structures. In the two-dimensional thermophysical model of heat transfer through the double-glazed unit, the effect of the low-emission coating (one and two) that was applied to the surface in a double-glazed window was taken into account. Recommendations on conducting thermo-modernization of administrative buildings in the part of translucent structures and in the design and construction of high energy efficiency buildings are developed.

4. «Thermo-hydraulic instability of heat carrier flows and development of thermophysical mechanisms for overcoming its destructive influence on elements of power equipment»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The theoretical description of the non-stationary phenomenon of vibration burning in the devices of industrial aggregates, liquid jet engines and generators of thermoacoustic self-oscillations is taken into account, taking into account the joint action of L.Krokko’s instability mechanisms and the negative thermal resistance. The solutions of both degenerate and complete system of vibrational combustion equations in liquid jet engines with discrete parameters, in which, along with the mechanism of L. Krocka’s mechanism of instability, due to the supply of heat of combustion of fuel, is constructed. The theory of thermoacoustic self-oscillations excited by thermogenerators is improved, taking into account the transformation of the part of the summed heat into the stream of pressure in various polytropic processes. The problem of excitation of oscillations with entropy waves is solved. A theoretical description of the motion of real gas with the supply of heat in pneumatic systems with distributed parameters was made and methods for controlling non-stationary movements obtained from systems of Euler equations by introducing a pressure characteristic in them were determined. An algorithm for constructing chaotic self-oscillations in combustion devices with vibrational combustion, as well as systems incorporating blade superchargers and dynamical damping systems has been developed.

5. «Development of a system of thermal protection of a building using ground heat exchangers»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Systems for measuring temperature, heat flows and humidity in enclosing constructions with constant monitoring in the automatic mode of real time and archiving of measured data are developed and installed. The method of thermophysical simulation of ground heat exchangers simultaneously with the ventilated layer of the facade wall is developed. The system of solar thermal collectors for additional heating of a ground massif, where ground heat exchangers of the system of passive air thermal protection will be located, is installed. The validation of the method of thermophysical simulation of ground heat exchangers simultaneously with the ventilated layer of the facade wall was carried out with the help of experimental data obtained on the installed object. The method of calculation of thermal resistance of fencing constructions is developed by using the thermal curtain of facade walls and roofs under different climatic conditions and ground condition. Validation of the calculation method for increasing the thermal resistance of the enclosing structures by using the thermal curtain of the facade walls and roof on the basis of experimental data and justifies the possibility of using such a technique when designing typical heat protection systems for buildings based on ground heat exchangers using natural heat of ground.

6. «Measures to optimize (reduce) the use of energy resources in the heat supply sector of settlements of Ukraine» within the framework of the target scientific project «Economic, Techno-Technological and Environmental imperatives of the target development of the energy sector of Ukraine»

Partners / Support institutions:

Recommendations on technological solutions based on model calculations are developed: regulatory normative (standards and norms, regulation of public procurements, voluntary commitments, etc.); Regulatory informative (labeling, certification of buildings, energy management, programs of energy supply companies) is proposed; economic market decisions (ESCO, energy efficiency certificate trade schemes) are considered; definitely stimulating, fiscal; information standards. The provision is provided to provide an innovative renovation of the heating sector with the introduction of energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in the production, transportation and use of thermal energy.

7. «Estimation of the potential of energy consumption of consumers of thermal and electric energy, namely the population, for regulation of the power system during periods of peak and night failure of electric power consumption» within the scope of scientific task Ob.3.2 “Improving the efficiency of functioning of energy systems through management of final energy consumption” of the target research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific and technical bases of energy cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union” (Association-3) (Contract №Оb.2-18).

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The analysis of normative maintenance of management of power consumption is carried out. The draft proposals for the Resolution “On Approval of the Procedure for the Application of Electricity Tariffs” have been drafted, where it is proposed to introduce special tariff rates or electricity tariffs at night for end users. The distribution of consumer groups has been analyzed, approaches have been developed for the use of power consumption management methods, and the proposals are presented to improve the efficiency of allocation of consumer groups. Multivariate calculations on the use of communicative methods of management have been fulfilled and the reaction of consumers of electric energy to the use of economic incentives in the formation of differentiated tariffs over time periods has been investigated. Based on the formulated methodical approach to the integrated assessment of the power consumption management system, an evaluation algorithm is developed which involves modeling the expert assessment scenarios and provides an opportunity to get an idea of management with the help of certain criteria for energy enterprises. The use of UML diagrams and the application of object-oriented modeling methodologies based on modern information technologies, developed models and structured schemes for the formation of a system for assessing the methods of management of consumption.

8. «Development of a portable unit for automated measurements of the thermal characteristics of external enclosing structures of buildings» within the framework of the research program of NAS of Ukraine «Semiconductor materials, technologies and sensors for technical systems of diagnostics, control and management» for 2018-2020 and the Order of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated July 23, 2018 No. 404 «On Approval for 2018 of the projects of the Research Program of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine Semiconductor Materials, Technologies and Sensors for Technical Systems of Diagnostics, Control and Management for 2018-2020» (Contract № CT26 -18).

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The basic scheme was developed and a block for automated measurement of the thermal characteristics of enclosing constructions with the use of semiconductor sensors characterized by high resolution in combination with low inertia and with a relatively low cost was created. Sensors for thermal measurements on the basis of semiconductor sensors have been developed and their work has been tested in real conditions of exploitation of research objects. According to the results of the examination of the operation of the sensors of thermal measurements, as well as on the basis of semiconductor sensors in the real conditions of exploitation of research objects, the possibility of eliminating deficiencies for their further use is being processed.

9. «Development of principles for the creation and realization of «smart» (smart-grid-0-energy) house», which was carried out within the framework of the scientific project «Development of measures to improve energy efficiency of the house with consistent implementation of the measures: energy efficient house → «passive» house → house «zero-energy» → «smart» house → house as micro smart grid system» of the Target integrated multidisciplinary research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the development of scientific principles for the rational use of natural resource potential and sustainable development.

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The principles of creating and implementing a “smart” (smart-grid-0-energy) home are developed. Conducted research with the consistent development of the “passive” type of building to the level of “smart” (SMART-GRID-0-ENERGY) building with similar indicators for the specific needs of energy for life support. Work was carried out on the creation of a modern legislative and legal framework and a normative and technical basis for the wide implementation of projects on energy efficiency improvement of buildings.

10. «Development of technologies and equipment for combustion of biofuels of agrarian origin» within the framework of the research program of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Biofuels and bioenergy” for 2018-2022 (Contract №14-18).

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A number of important characteristics of agricultural pellets that can be used as biofuels are identified. The values of the higher and lower heat of combustion of the agro-pellet, as well as their ash content, humidity and other important characteristics of this type of fuel are found. According to the results of the combustion process research, the pellet burner has determined the temperature regimes in the boiler at different stages of combustion. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the burning process of the pellets and pellets from the wood is carried out. It was found that in comparison with burning wood pellets, the burning process of the wheat straw and rape is more difficult due to the low melting point of ash. In order to develop a burner suitable for combustion of a wheat and rape straw, a number of recommendations were formulated to improve the design of the appropriate burners. According to the results of experimental studies, it was also determined that the melting point of ash at the burning of samples from corn stems and corn stems from Ukrainian origin is significantly higher (170 … 210 ⁰С) than the averaged values for agricultural wheat straw biomass, and close to values that are characteristic of wood. This makes it possible to use for the burning of the corresponding maize products boilers that were designed for woody fuels.
Recommendations on the production of an experimental burner for burning vegetable pellets of grain crops and rape of excess moisture (up to 30 kW) are developed. As a result of the work, literature data on the main properties of corn as fuel side effects are analyzed and systematized. Laboratory studies of fuel characteristics of corn stalks were conducted. The review and analysis of the main technologies of burning of solid biofuels and the limits of their application depending on the characteristics of fuel raw materials are made.

11.«Combined heat pump system of energy supply of the building using heat of ground and insolation», carried out within the framework of the competition of scientific Projects of young scientists F-83 (Contract №83/99-2018).

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The thermophysical models were developed for the study of heat exchange and hydrodynamic processes in the horizontal collector of the heat pump heat supply system, an analysis of the solar potential for the use of solar installations in the heat supply systems of the building was carried out, and the scheme of the combined heat pump system of energy supply on the basis of ground heat exchangers and solar electric collectors was developed and implemented.

12. «Thermophysical bases for increasing the efficiency of heat consumption of the building», which is executed on the basis of the order of the President of Ukraine dated 07/16/2018 No. 105, Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated August 7, 2018, No. 881 (contract Ф75/171-2018).

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Theoretical and experimental researches of effective management of heat consumption of a building with the use of an individual heat point are carried out. The important fundamental and applied tasks for increasing the efficiency of heat consumption of the building and reducing the use of energy resources based on the application of a thermophysical model with lumped parameters are solved.

13. «Inner-room and system-wide thermohydrodynamic instability in heat-stressed elements of a liquid jet engine», executed on the basis of the order of the President of Ukraine dated August 17, 2018, No. 119, Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated September 11, 2018, No. 991 (contract Ф78/188-2018 dated 08.10. 2018).

Partners / Support institutions:

Theoretically, periodic solutions of the complete system of vibrational combustion equations in the RSD generated by the known mechanism of the phenomenological delay of combustion L. Krokko are obtained. It is established that in the gas generators the falling branch of the nozzle characteristics causes excitation of entropy waves, which amplify the oscillations of vibrational combustion, regardless of the mechanisms of their excitation. Also, a new, previously unknown, mechanism of self-oscillation of vibrational combustion is determined, which is due to the flow of heat to the stream, which is released during combustion.

Projects of the department in 2017

1. «Energy modeling of the building taking into account its design features, energy supply system, environment and climate»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The features of aerodynamic and heat transfer processes in the premises of the building with low temperature air conditioning systems are established. The methods of numerical modeling determine the fields of air velocity and the distribution of temperature by volume of space during heating using a low temperature water thermal floor. The calculations of the thermal state and aerodynamic conditions in the premises are carried out with the use of fan coils, as heating and conditioning systems when creating the proper climate conditions. Experimental studies of thermal and aerodynamic processes in premises with low temperature air conditioning systems have been carried out.

2.  «Development and optimization of low-temperature heating systems on the basis of renewable energy sources»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Experimental investigations of the distribution of air temperature in the volume of premises with low-temperature water heating on the basis of the asymmetrical Г-shaped contour or coaxial multi-circuit heat exchangers in the space are carried out. Experimental studies of air temperature in the volume of premises with low temperature water capillary underfloor heating have been carried out.

3. «Development of rational measures for the modernization of the sectors of production, transportation and consumption of thermal energy».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

For the first time in Ukraine, algorithms and programs have been developed and implemented in the form of algorithms and programs, the methodology of simulation of the technologies of centralized, autonomous and individual heat supply of residential areas of settlements, taking into account their regional differences, the cost of networks of transportation and distribution of thermal energy and primary PAs, which allowed to develop quantified recommendations on appropriate the limits of the use of centralized, autonomous and individual heat supply systems in settlements of Ukraine No, for the first time a new method and unified energy-economic criterion for optimizing the composition of different types of generating capacities of district heating systems of cities, including on the basis of combined electricity and heat production, was proposed for the first time, which allowed to develop a method for determining the appropriateness of combining / disassembling local heat networks in conditions of changes in thermal loads of residential areas due to thermo-modernization of housing, with the use of thermodynamic approach for the first time developed methods for determining indicators the energy efficiency of obtaining the types of energy in the conditions of their combined production of nuclear power plants and plants for the joint production of heat and cold, which makes it possible to justify the decisions on the implementation of advanced technologies in heat supply systems, for the first time in Ukraine, developed and tested at the level of competent central government bodies, the project ” Methods for calculating the share of energy generated by heat pumps from renewable sources “at the request of the European Parliament and Council 2009/28 / EC and the Law of Ukraine “On Alternative Energy Sources”.

4. «Aerodynamics and heat transfer in translucent structures when they interact with thermal radiation».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Recommendations of specific energetically expedient measures on thermo-modernization of buildings are developed. The principles of energetically and economically justified thermo-modernization with the account of territorial climatic conditions are proposed. Experimental and theoretical studies of energy efficiency improvement of the building have been carried out through the implementation of innovative scientific and technical approaches to minimize heat loss through the facade fencing building structures of the outer shell of the building. The method of systematic calculation of the continuous action of all manifestations of solar radiation (air temperature and wind speed) for heat transfer in elements of external fencing of buildings has been developed. The tasks of non-stationary heat transfer through the typical elements of external fences are solved: solid-wall external fences of buildings and separate window frames; fence with window hole; Two-chamber ventilated windows, taking into account the continuous action of climatic factors, allowed to develop extensive and intensive ways of increasing the thermal resistance of building structures. A comparison of calculations with experimental data for double-paneled double-glazed windows has been carried out and the solution of the problem of temperature distribution in the ground array has been made. The study of the influence of wind air flows on the processes of heat transfer of the building to the environment, both for smooth facade walls, and for walls with the presence of window openings.

5. «Estimation of the potential of consumers’ energy consumption of thermal and electric energy, namely the population, for regulating the power system during periods of peak and night failure of electric power consumption» within the scope of scientific task Ob.3.2 – “Enhancing the efficiency of functioning of energy systems through management of final energy consumption” of the target research program of the National Academy of Sciences Ukraine “Scientific and technical bases of energy cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union” (Association-3) (Contract №Об3.2-16)

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The current state of the electric and heat supply system and problems of energy supply of consumers are highlighted; the study of characteristics of consumers of electric energy; the existing level of unevenness of electric energy consumption is investigated; formed groups of consumers according to their mode of consumption of electric energy; analysis of average consumption of electric energy by the population on the territory of Ukraine; the categories of consumers are established both in cities and in the countryside, where the volume of electricity consumption is the largest; shows the dynamics of change and the number of consumers of thermal energy over the years; it is established that the largest volumes of heat energy are consumed by the population, that is why it has a considerable potential for effective regulation of the use of thermal energy; Estimates of the volumes and capacity of the household electric household appliances (estimated capacity of electric water heaters of the accumulative type is estimated at 1500 MW, and washing machines – 13595 MW, which will allow to effectively regulate the power system during periods of peak and night failure of electricity consumption).

6. «Technical and economic evaluation of technological modernization of the heat sector settlements of Ukraine» of the target scientific project “Economic, Technological and Technological and Environmental imperatives of the target development of the energy sector of Ukraine” (Contract № 3-16)

Partners / Support institutions:

The original approach to the solution of the task of multilevel organizational and technological management (BOT-management) is determined by the efficiency of the functioning of communal heat power engineering systems (KTE), the formalization of which is based on the application of the theory of sets in conjunction with the elements of the theory of hierarchical multi-level systems and the co-ordinated optimization, get optimal solutions to multi-level task management by simulation. The new method and computer facilities of BOT-management are developed and scientifically substantiated, which allow to increase the efficiency of the functioning of regional KTE systems by formalizing the system of equations of energy balances for each level of the multi-level system of BOT-management, establishing the interconnection of their parameters with controlling influences for by means of logic-mathematical functions and determination of potentials of increasing the components of energy, economic and ecological (3-E) efficiency for each subsystem of the KTE with further nd coherent coordination parameters of their interactions. The results of the numerous experiments confirm the possibility of a significant reduction of CO₂ emissions and fuel and energy resources costs, which ensures the sustainable development of KTE systems.

7. «Research of aerodynamics and heat and mass transfer in the air flow with solid inclusions of plant biofuels to create conditions for its combustion in an ascending eddy layer» Joint project of, Сontract №Ф73/21

Partners / Support institutions: SFFR of Ukraine, SFFR of Belarus

The thermophysical model of aerodynamic and heat-mass-exchange processes in an ascending gas stream with solid fuel particles and a model of combustion of plant material granules in an ascending stream were created. The model takes into account the consistent occurrence of processes of moisture evaporation, pyrolysis of biomass, the release of biomass of volatile gaseous substances, and their combustion in the ascending re-flow. According to the results of computational studies, fields of velocities and temperatures of the gas flow in the prismatic channel are obtained, in which the combustion of vegetable granules occurs. The influence of the distribution of velocity in the gas flow on the formation of the temperature field in the channel is determined. Distributions at the height of the channel of the averaged over its cross-section of temperatures and concentrations of gaseous substances formed as a result of pyrolysis of vegetative raw materials and combustion of volatile substances and carbon residue were found. According to the results of experimental research, the main regularities of the burning process of granules of plant material (straw and wood pellets) were determined. The curves of kinetics of combustion of single pellets of biofuel are obtained, temperature modes of the pellet burner are determined under different conditions of its operation.

8. «Analysis and prevention of instability of the heat transfer fluid flows in the elements of heat and power equipment» under the grant of the President of Ukraine (contract Ф70/177-2017).

Partners / Support institutions:

For the first time, an analytical result was obtained for the ratio of thermal resistance to the supply of heat to gas or liquid, which allowed theoretically to substantiate existing in practice and to develop new effective methods of control of auto-oscillations during vibrational combustion and steam generation. The technique for calculating the thermal resistance at the polytropic heat transfer to the gas is proposed, which allows theoretically to determine the conditions under which the longitudinal thermoacoustic oscillations are self-excited in the flow of gas. A general methodology for calculating the frequencies and amplitudes of thermoacoustic self-oscillations and self-oscillations of vibrational combustion in potentially unstable elements of heat and power equipment was created. Introducing the equation of the motion of a continuous medium in the form similar to the equation of the theory of the propagation of the blade supercharger, the work was introduced into consideration the pressure characteristic of the heat transfer. This allowed, using a formal analogy with the theory of penetration, theoretically describe the non-stationary phenomena of vibrational combustion in the devices of industrial units and generators of thermoacoustic self-oscillations. Also, the theory of thermoacoustic self-oscillations excited in the corresponding generators is improved, which, by means of the pressure characteristic of the heat transfer, takes into account the transformation of the part of the summed heat into the stream of pressure in various polytropic processes. The algorithm of determination of parameters of chaotic self-oscillations, which are excited in corresponding devices at vibration burning, as well as in systems containing vanity superchargers, and in systems of dynamic damping of self-oscillations is developed. The schemes of constructions of potentially unstable elements of the heat and power equipment were created, in which the complete neutralization of self-oscillations or the effective control of their amplitude was realized through the influence of mechanisms of self-oscillations, such as vibrational combustion and penetration, and by dynamic damping of self-oscillations. The general method of calculating the parameters of thermoacoustic self-oscillations is developed. It allows to realize the control of the mode of chaotic self-oscillations in systems of pressure transfer of a continuous medium and in devices for combustion of fuel.

9. «Development of the principles of building and realization of buildings “zero energy”» (contract 1-17) Integrated multidisciplinary program of scientific research on the development of scientific principles of rational use of natural resource potential and sustainable development

Partners / Support institutions:

The principles of building and realization of buildings “zero energy” have been developed, the energy consumption needs of which are largely covered by energy from renewable and alternative sources. The research on the influence of solar radiation on the heating of the building (on the example of the experimental building of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), as well as the effects of all manifestations of solar radiation (air temperature and wind speed) on the heat transfer in the elements of the external fences of the building. The schemes of power supply of an experimental building based on solar and wind energy using solar modules with battery and inverter and wind turbine have been developed. A combined heat-pump system of heat supply for an energy-efficient building was created and an analysis of the work of heating devices “warm water floor” and a heat exchanger in the wall space was performed. A numerical model of transport processes is developed in the interaction of the wind flow in the surface layer of the atmosphere with a complex of buildings and structures with the help of which the aerodynamic environment on the territory of the building is designed to create effective ventilation systems, heat supply of the experimental building and optimal placement of wind power plants in the development area.

10. «Formation, transfer, collection and energy utilization of biogas in the body of the household waste landfill» within the framework of the target program” Biological Resources and New Technologies of Bioenergoconversion “(Contract 24-17)

Partners / Support institutions:

The existing provisions of the design of biogas collection and energy utilization systems have been analyzed. The analysis, results of modeling and solving of optimization problems were made, it was possible to identify and improve such design provisions that were insufficient or outdated scientific substantiation. On the basis of improved provisions, schemes of optimal collection and utilization of biogas systems for which the assessment of technical and economic indicators has been made are developed.

11. «Development of the system of thermal protection of a building using ground heat exchangers» state order contract дз/14 – 2017

Partners / Support institutions:

A review of literary sources on the use of the ground heat potential for cooling or heating the air in ground heat exchangers has been carried out. The thermophysical modeling of the air flow in a bulk horizontal air-ground heat exchanger and a gap in the thermal curtain of the facade wall of the building has been carried out. It is established that, when heating the air with the warmth of the ground, it is possible to organize the natural circulation of air and to refuse to use devices that consume electric energy. The natural traction due to the difference in temperature is sufficient for the presence of natural air circulation. Also, the presence of air-ground heat exchanger reduces the temperature drop in the wall and, consequently, the loss of heat. The influence of the thickness of the interlayer gap, the outside temperature, the temperature of the ground on the air temperature at the outlet from the ground heat exchanger, as well as the dependence of the air velocity in the ground heat exchanger on the height of the interlayer layer, is investigated. The mathematical model of solar radiation necessary for designing of devices for renewable energy, as well as for the design and construction of buildings and structures is developed. The mathematical model of solar radiation is implemented in the Python program code. The program code allows you to calculate the intensity of solar radiation and solar insolation in any day of the year. An estimation of intensity and energy of solar radiation near the earth’s surface and research on the influence of solar radiation on the ground massif, and. A system of thermal curtain of walls and roofs of the passive type building with horizontal air-type heat exchangers of volumetric type has been developed, and works have been carried out on the arrangement of the ground-air heat exchanger, the creation of a heat-insulating coating, which consists of different layers and is filled up with ground above. The scheme was developed and the arrangement of the air layer in the system of insulation of external walls was carried out.

Projects of the department in 2016

1. «Thermophysical bases for increasing energy efficiency of buildings»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Experimental and theoretical studies of energy efficiency improvement of the building have been carried out through the implementation of innovative scientific and technical approaches to minimize heat loss through the facade fencing building structures of the outer shell of the building. The method of systematic calculation of the continuous action of all manifestations of solar radiation (air temperature and wind speed) for heat transfer in elements of external fencing of buildings has been developed. The tasks of non-stationary heat transfer through the typical elements of external fences are solved: solid-wall external fences of buildings and separate window frames; fence with window hole; Two-chamber ventilated windows, taking into account the continuous action of climatic factors, allowed to develop extensive and intensive ways of increasing the thermal resistance of building structures.

A comparison of calculations with experimental data for double-paneled double-glazed windows has been carried out and the solution of the problem of temperature distribution in the ground array has been made. The study of the influence of wind air flows on the processes of heat transfer of the building to the environment, both for smooth facade walls, and for walls with the presence of window openings. It is proved that, with a certain optimal geometry of the window openings, the value of the coefficient of heat transfer can decrease in comparison with the values recommended in the DBN. Recommendations of specific energetically expedient measures on thermo-modernization of buildings are developed. The principles of energetically expedient and economically justified thermo-modernization with the account of territorial climatic conditions are offered.

2. «Energy-efficient modeling of the building taking into account its design features, energy supply system, environment and climate»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The features of aerodynamic and heat transfer processes in the premises of the building with low temperature air conditioning systems are established. The methods of numerical modeling determine the fields of air velocity and the distribution of temperature by volume of space during heating using a low temperature water thermal floor. Calculations of the thermal state and aerodynamic conditions in the premises were carried out with the use of fan coils as climate control systems. Experimental studies of thermal and aerodynamic processes in premises with low temperature air conditioning systems have been carried out.

3. «Development and optimization of low-temperature heating systems on the basis of renewable energy sources»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Experimental investigations of the distribution of air temperature in the volume of premises with low-temperature water heating on the basis of the asymmetrical G-shaped contour or coaxial multi-circuit heat exchangers in the space are carried out. Experimental studies of air temperature in the volume of premises with low temperature water capillary underfloor heating have been carried out.

4. «Development of rational measures for the modernization of the sectors of production, transportation and consumption of thermal energy»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Using the methodology of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a comparative analysis of the current values and dynamics of the main indicators of energy efficiency in the residential sector of Ukraine and the EU countries for the period of 1990-2015 was found. During this period, it was determined that the specific final energy consumption per 1 m2 of total living space, per the average apartment and per capita decreased in Ukraine 1.7 times and in recent years stabilized at this level. According to the specific consumption of final energy in everyday life, Ukraine, together with other countries – new members of the EU, is among the ten countries of Europe today with its lowest level. In the future, the implementation of complex investment measures connected with the thermo-modernization of the existing housing stock, progressive construction norms and rules, which should be accompanied by the re-equipment of existing systems of heat supply, will be decisive.
Based on the experiences of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe – the EU member states and the EU directives on energy efficiency, in the work, possible options for investment in the residential sector, which include 5 degrees of thermo modernization of housing and 5 options for the retrofitting of existing systems of production, transportation and distribution of heat energy, are developed in the work, including the introduction of centralized heat and cold supply systems. To objectively evaluate these options, a new method of thermodynamic evaluation of the costs of operating such systems is developed, which is a new scientific term for the thermodynamics of multiprocessing energy conversion processes.

5. «Development of principles of creation and realization of buildings of «passive» type»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The works on the consistent development of an experimental building of high energy efficiency (the need for energy for heating less than 75 kWh / m2 per year) into a “passive” type of building (heat consumption for heating less than 15 kWh / m 2 per year) has been performed. The conceptual foundations for creating an experimental “passive” type of building as a scientific-technical and technological thermophysical laboratory are developed. The numerical model of the interaction of the wind flow in the surface layer of the atmosphere with the complex of buildings and structures relatively compact within the boundaries of urban development and the resulting three-dimensional fields of velocities, pressures and energy parameters of the wind have allowed to determine the external boundary conditions and defining indicators for the ventilation and heat supply system house of “passive” type.

The calculations of thermal losses through enclosing structures with insulation in the software package “Mathcad v13.0” were made and the total heat load for the heating and hot water supply system was determined. Experimental studies of heat transfer through different-variant window designs have shown that for an energy-efficient passive type building, the best option will be window constructions with a three-chamber profile and double-glazed windows with the formula 4M₁-8-4i-8-4i (the translucent design consists of three M1 slabs with a thickness of 4 mm. Experimental studies of pressure and discharge characteristics and heat-engineering parameters of air heat exchangers in different technological regimes have been carried out.
The thermophysical simulation of air-ground heat exchanger for the thermal curtain of the facade walls of the experimental “passive” type house showed that the invented structure allows to organize the natural convection of air in the interlayer gap of the wall of the building.

6. «Techno-technological, economic and ecological directions of optimization of heat supply of settlements of Ukraine»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A general description of the use of heat resources in the residential sector of Ukraine has been carried out, namely:

1. Using the IEA methodology, a comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators of Ukraine and the EU (final energy cost per square meter per person and one apartment) was performed.
2. The technological, social and environmental aspects of energy consumption in the residential sector (including the impact of energy facilities on population health and the environment, the social consequences of poor heat supply) are analyzed.
3. The list of current programs illustrating the state policy on optimization of energy consumption in the residential sector, in particular taking into account world experience in this area, is presented.
4. The ways of reduction of energy consumption in the residential sector (thermo-modernization of buildings, increase of efficiency of power supply systems, examples of the state program of stimulation of energy efficiency increase in residential buildings) are determined.

The problems of construction of energy-efficient buildings with use of RES for energy supply are considered. It was emphasized that problems of modernization of housing stock regarding economical use of energy resources in buildings can be solved by improving innovative technical and technological policy, as well as improvement of managerial decisions, organizational and economic approaches.

7. «Estimation of the potential of energy consumption of consumers of thermal and electric energy, namely the population, for regulating the power system during the period of peak and night failure of electricity consumption»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

As part of the implementation phase, the current state of the electricity and heat supply system and the problems of energy supply of consumers are highlighted. In order to increase the efficiency of distribution and consumption of electric energy, the research of characteristics of consumers of electric energy has been conducted. The existing level of unevenness of electric energy consumption and potential changes in conditions of market transformations are investigated. The formed groups of consumers according to their mode of consumption of electric energy, which allows to form approaches in the use of methods of management of power consumption.

The analysis of average consumption of electric energy by the population on the territory of Ukraine is carried out. There are established categories of consumers, both in cities and in rural areas, where the volume of electricity consumption is the largest. The dynamics of change and the number of consumers of thermal energy over the years are shown. It has been established that the largest amount of heat energy is consumed by the population, therefore it has a significant potential for efficient regulation of the use of thermal energy. Appropriate graphical dependences of the consumption of heat and electricity have been constructed. The estimation of volumes and power of the existing household electric appliances in the population and degree of its automation for further development of measures on effective regulation of electric energy consumption is also carried out.

8. «Project of national normative documents, harmonized with international and European ones»

Partners / Support institutions: SFFR of Ukraine

The work was carried out according to the National Standardization Program for 2016 (position: 237.2.1.1-2016) and the agreement between the State Enterprise “Ukrainian Research and Training Center for Standardization, Certification and Quality” (UkrNDNTS) and the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences Of Ukraine (IET of the NAS of Ukraine)

Harmonized standards are developed in the work:

DSTU EN 61010-2-033: 201_ (EN 61010-2-033: 2012, IDT) «Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. Part 2-033. Additional requirements for manual multifunctional measuring devices and other voltage meters for household and professional use»

DSTU EN 61010-2-201: 201 (EN 61010-2-201: 2013, IDT) «Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use. Part 2-201. Additional requirements for control equipment»

The work was carried out in accordance with the procedures and provisions of DSTU 1.2: 2015 «National Standardization. Rules for conducting works on national standardization» and DSTU 1.7: 2015 «National standardization. Rules and methods for the adoption of international and regional normative documents, using the principle of reciprocity».

The standard DSTU EN 61010-2-033: 2012 defines the requirements for manual multifunction measuring instruments and other voltage meters of household and professional design.

The standard DSTU EN 61010-2-201: 2013 defines the safety requirements and associated verification tests for the control equipment for control and management of machines, automated industrial and industrial processes of discrete and continuous control.

The developed standards meet the requirements of the «Technical Regulations for Low Voltage Electric Equipment», approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated December 16, 2015 №1067, requirements of the Law of Ukraine «On Standardization», in particular Article 4 «The purpose of standardization and basic principles of state policy in the field of standardization» The Law of Ukraine «On Energy Saving», in particular Section III «Standardization and Regulation of Energy Saving».

9. «Research of aerodynamics and heat and mass transfer in air flow with solid inclusions of plant biofuels to create conditions for its combustion in an ascending vortex layer»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A review of research on aerodynamics, heat transfer and combustion processes of solid fuel (fuel pellets) in a fluidized bed was conducted. Experimental investigations of heat activation during burning of pellets from different types of straw have been carried out. A numerical model of ascending air flow with solid inclusions has been developed. By the calculations, the regularities of the motion of the disperse particles and their influence on the formation of the fields of velocity and pressure in the ascending stream are determined.

Projects of the department in 2015

1. «Thermophysical bases for increasing energy efficiency of buildings»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The method of obtaining and processing of experimental data taking into account the continuous action of climatic factors (solar radiation, orientation towards the sides of the world, wind, external air temperature) for the heat transfer through the walls and standard multi-chamber glass units has been developed. Appropriate experimental heat transfer studies were performed through two-chamber packages installed in the administrative building of IET on the Bulakhovsky str. 2, the results of which coincide with the calculations. The technique allows more accurately determine the annual heat loss through external building constructions. Continuous simulation of heat processes in a wall with a window hole showed: the heat flow through the lateral surface of the hole is proportional to the flow through the frontal wall surface; To reduce the heat loss, the glass pane must be placed in a box of small thickness (6-10 cm), which has considerably less thermal conductivity than the wall; the optimum deepening of the double-glazed window into the window opening fluctuates within 0-0.1 m; for one and a half times the air exchange in the room, purging of this air through the inner chamber of the double-glazed unit gives a double reduction of its annual heat input.

2. «Energy-efficient modeling of the building taking into account its design features, energy supply system, environment and climate»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Studies of aerodynamics and heat exchange in the premises of the building during its interaction with the environment under different climatic conditions, taking into account the gullies. A numerical study of the influence of the gutter hollows on the heat transfer of a three-storied building in the air flow has been carried out. The coefficients of heat transfer of a building with a smooth surface with a building having cavity hollows, 10 cm deep are compared. It is determined that for numerical calculations of heat transfer and aerodynamics of buildings it is necessary to take into account the presence on the facade of the hollow hollows. Experimental investigations of temperature fields and heat fluxes in adjacent area of fencing wall construction have been carried out.

3. «Development and optimization of low-temperature systems of heat supply on the basis of renewable energy sources»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The heat mechanical part of the working project “Radiator-convection heating system, the principle scheme of low-temperature underfloor heating, low-temperature water heating with the help of the contour in the space is developed. The basic scheme of the system of low-temperature water capillary underfloor heating and air heating with the help of liquid-air heat exchangers has been developed.

4. «Increase of the resource exploitation of buildings by thermo-modernization of external surfaces of their fencing structures»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

In the third stage, “Development and substantiation of measures to increase the life of the buildings due to the thermo-modernization of their external fencing structures”, the following was performed:

– experimentally determine the dependence of moisture content of thermal insulation coatings on wall structures of buildings from weather conditions.

– recommendations on the choice of insulation materials on the external surfaces of the enclosing structures of the buildings have been developed to increase the period of their operation.

5. «Development of measures to improve energy efficiency of the building with consistent implementation of the measures: energy efficient house → passive house → «zero energy» house → house as a micro smart grid system» for stage 1 «Development of principles for the construction and implementation of buildings of high energy efficiency».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The principles of building and realization of buildings of high energy efficiency (demand for energy for heating less than 75 kWh / m 2 per year) are developed, for example, with the creation of a full-scale stand of the experimental building of the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. A review of the world experience, which identified the main general criteria for the implementation of projects of high energy efficiency buildings and the basic principles of building energy efficient buildings. The requirements for energy efficiency of buildings in accordance with the EU regulatory framework in the field of energy efficiency are explored. The Ukrainian normative base, which needs to be brought up to the requirements of European countries, is considered. The pilot project of energy-efficient building with optimal thermophysical characteristics of fencing building constructions, high level of tightness, artificial ventilation with heat recovery and using high-energy sources of energy have been developed; grounded the definition of energy efficiency of the building and proposed practical recommendations for the creation and implementation of energy efficient buildings in Ukraine. The concept of creating an experimental energy efficient home is developed. A comparative analysis of thermal energy efficiency for building materials and window constructions has been carried out, works on the selection and completion of building materials and window constructions have been carried out.
The thermophysical simulation of the heat exchange of the experimental energy efficient house with the environment has been carried out, the results of estimating the heat loss of the experimental energy efficient house in the environment have been obtained. The calculations for the specific heat consumption of the experimental energy efficient house have been made, the circuit solutions for equipping the experimental building with a highly efficient heating system have been developed, and a system for conducting complex experimental heat-thermal tests of heat-saving constructions and systems of the house has been developed. Recommendations for designing and serial building of passive houses have been developed.

6. «Organizational and Economic Mechanisms for the Modernization of Heat Power Engineering»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Research has been carried out on the development of measures and mechanisms for stimulating the modernization of heat power engineering in Ukraine. An estimation of the current state and level of wear of domestic heat supply systems is carried out. Measures aimed at modernization of existing heat supply systems are developed. The promising energy-efficient technologies for improving the economic and ecological efficiency of functioning of domestic heat supply systems are determined. Mechanisms for the implementation of promising energy-efficient technologies in Ukraine are developed.

Projects of the department in 2014

1. «Thermophysical bases for increasing energy efficiency of buildings»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

An algorithm for calculating heat transfer through a fencing structure consisting of a wall part and a window pane and the conditions for minimizing heat loss due to such a design are developed. The method of numerical simulation obtained the thermophysical characteristics of the materials of the wall structure and the heater, depending on the temperature and humidity of the external fences of the building. It is proved that at half-times the multiplicity of air exchange in the room, pumping this air through the inner chamber of a two-chamber double-glazed window leads to a two-fold decrease in annual heat loss through the window.

2. «Development of the control algorithm and optimization of operating modes of the individual heating point»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The energy efficiency of the administrative building was monitored by monitoring the heat supply of the 1st building of the IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on the Bulakhovsky str., 2 heating season of 2007-2014. Based on experimental research, optimal variants of operation of the IHP were established. Determined specific energy consumption for heating for different operating modes of the IHP and calculated the average heat energy savings in the heating period of 2013-2014. It was established that the use of IHP provides an economical effect within the temperature of the outside air of 9 … -2 ºС, and at lower temperatures IHP runs as an ordinary heat point. The higher the temperature of the outside air, the greater the economy of the IHP. An analysis of the heat and power characteristics of the building was also carried out on the example of the 1st building of IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. On the basis of conducted researches and obtained experimental data, an algorithm for control of the IHP for providing heat supply to an administrative building was developed, which provides thermal comfort for consumers without breaking the sanitary and hygienic norms.

3. «Increase of the resource exploitation of buildings by thermo-modernization of external surfaces of their fencing structures»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A numerical model for calculating the stress-strain state of building envelope structures has been developed. As a result of the application of this model, the influence of the thermal insulation layer on the temperature deformation of wall concrete panels is determined. Estimated values of temperature deformations and stresses in the wall design of the room with a radiator heating system in the winter are found. The diagrams of the distribution of thermal stresses in the fencing structure under different temperature and humidity conditions for cases of presence and absence of a thermal insulating layer on the external surface of the wall have been constructed. The influence of the moisture content of the wall material on its stress-strain state is analyzed. A comparison of the stress-strain state of the wall structure with the absence and presence of a heater on its outer surface has been carried out. The dependence of temperature and concentration stresses on the characteristics of the heater material and on weather conditions is determined. It was shown that in the winter on the external (cold) wall surface normal temperature and concentration stresses are mostly positive, They can cause the appearance and development of cracks on the outer surface of the wall. On the inner surface of the wall, these tensions are mostly negative. The presence of a layer of thermal insulation on the outer surface of the wall increases its temperature and reduces the moisture content of the wall material, helps to reduce the positive stresses, which prevents the occurrence and development of cracks and increases the durability of building structures.

4. «Development of a national heat supply strategy for settlements of Ukraine»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A Project of the main provisions of the National Heating Policy of Ukraine’s settlements has been developed. The initial conditions for development, the main target benchmarks, the predicted estimations of the composition and volumes of the fuel and energy balance of the heat supply sector in 2030, the priorities and principles of the Heat Strategy concerning the innovation technological upgrade of the heating systems and the strengthening of the role of the state in the sustainable and efficient functioning of this socially important sector of the economy of Ukraine are given.

5. «Electric power supply system of the experimental building of the “zero energy” type (area of 300 m²) based on the use of renewable and alternative energy sources»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the State Committee of Ukraine on Science, Innovation and Informatics

Principle electric circuits and nodes for circuits of transmission, transformation, consumption and accumulation of electric energy are developed for the needs of the experimental building using low-power wind turbines, solar polycrystalline photomodules, solar thin-film photocells. Reserve diesel generator. The calculations and coordination of electrical parameters in relation to increase of energy, economic and ecological efficiency of separate components of the combined power supply system of the building are carried out. Installation and commissioning of electrical generator equipment, power electronics unit, automation and accounting unit, switchgear devices are carried out. Recommendations on the operation of power supply systems based on renewable and alternative sources of energy have been made.

6. «The current state of domestic heat supply systems and the definition of promising energy technologies and measures aimed at their modernization.»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

An assessment of the current state and level of wear of domestic heat supply systems is carried out. Measures aimed at modernization of existing heat supply systems are developed. The promising energy-efficient technologies are determined for significant increase of economic and ecological efficiency of functioning of domestic heat supply systems. Mechanisms for the implementation of promising energy-efficient technologies in Ukraine are developed.

Projects of the department in 2013

1. «Thermophysical bases for increasing energy efficiency of buildings»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Composed and numerically implemented algorithms for the influence of solar energy, wind speed, ambient temperature on the heat transfer of a homogeneous and multilayer wall. It has been discovered that the wall has the properties to accumulate solar energy in any period of the year, which reduces the heat loss on the maintenance of the premises. A similar calculation procedure was used for single-, double- and triple-glazed windows. Unlike a wall, the glass pane has almost zero accumulative properties.

2. «Development of the control algorithm and optimization of operating modes of the individual heating point»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

During the first stage of the work, experimental research was carried out on different modes of operation of the original IHP with an integrated hydraulic arrow. The dependencies of the main parameters of the system of heat supply were received and the features of heat supply of the administrative building during the heating period were determined (on the example of the first building of the IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine at Bulakhovskiy St., 2). On the basis of experimental data, the specific heat energy consumption for heating of premises is calculated, depending on the operating modes of the IHP and the most optimal of them is determined. As a result of the use of IHP and optimization of its work, it was possible to save up to 12% of heat energy during the heating period of 2012-2013.

3. «Increase of the resource exploitation of buildings by thermo-modernization of external surfaces of their fencing structures»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

An improved design model for heat transfer through capillary-porous construction materials that takes into account both vapor permeability and material’s permeability, the presence of condensation processes on surfaces and inside the material, the unsteady nature of the processes, and the mutual influence of the processes of heat transfer and mass transfer have been developed. According to this model, the calculations of temperature and humidity modes of single- and multi-layered building constructions have been carried out. The influence of the characteristics of the heat transfer and moisture transfer of materials of the bearing structure and insulation materials, as well as the influence of heat and mass transfer conditions on the surfaces of building structures on their temperature and humidity modes, are determined.

4. «Polyvalent heating system of experimental passive type building (300 m²) based on the use of renewable and alternative energy sources»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The developed system of heat supply involves the placement of solar thermal and photovoltaic collectors on a single-skinned roof of the house at an optimal angle of 35^o for a given area on the south side of the building; the location of the heat pump and seasonal bulk tanks of heat (water and paraffin-containing) in the basement floor of the building; water intake from the borehole nearby; use of systems of water floor and wall heating (including capillary), as well as electric warm floors and a wall; air heating and air-conditioning system on the basis of fan coils; recuperative system of forced ventilation of the house with ground air heat exchangers; the use of a wind generator on the adjoining territory with batteries for uninterrupted power supply.

The created house is equipped with automation sensors and corresponding measuring primary devices and digital devices intended for monitoring of heat engineering parameters of the power supply system with the computer system of data collection, processing and visualization in real time.

5. «Creation of a combined system of energy resources of the “zero energy” type for an experimental passive house»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the State Committee of Ukraine on Science, Innovation and Informatics

The principles and block diagrams of the complex combined energy resource system of the experimental passive house of the “zero energy” type (completely autonomous) based on the use of renewable and alternative energy sources have been developed. The heat supply system includes a heating system based on a heat pump using low-temperature heat exchangers such as “warm floor”, wall tubular heat exchangers; hot water supply system based on solar thermal collectors; a system of recuperative ventilation with the use of soil heat exchangers. System of electric supply of experimental building on the basis of solar and wind energy using solar modules with battery and inverter and wind turbine.

A numerical model of transport processes was developed in the interaction of the wind flow in the surface layer of the atmosphere with the complex of buildings and structures, by means of which the aerodynamic environment was calculated on the territory of the building, and a place for optimal placement of wind power plants in the development area was determined.

6. «The tasks of external and internal aerodynamics and thermophysics of energy-efficient buildings are conjugated».

 Partners / Support institutions: funds of the SFFR of Ukraine

As a result of numerical simulation of aerodynamic and thermal interaction of a group of structures with an external wind flow, features of the distribution of velocity, pressure and temperature in air flow near the surfaces of buildings are determined. The distribution of heat transfer coefficients on the surface of the fencing structures of structures is calculated. The heat loss due to the external enclosing structures of the building is taken into account taking into account the influence of solar radiation. The regularities of heat transfer through two-chamber glass windows are established. Through the field experiment, the distribution of temperatures and densities of heat fluxes on the external and internal surfaces of the enclosing structures of buildings is determined in the presence or absence of heat-insulating coatings.

7. «Development of the program of modernization of communal heat power engineering of Ukraine for 2014-2015»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the Minregion of Ukraine

Development of the program for the modernization of the municipal heat and power sector of Ukraine for 2014-2015 as part of the State program for the intensification of economic development for 2014-2015, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated February 27, 2013 №187. Together with the Department of Thermophysical Processes in Boilers, a Program for the Modernization of Heat Supply Systems for 2014-2015, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 17, 2013, № 948, has been developed and provides for (substantially to almost 50%) reduction of natural gas consumption for the needs of the heat supply. The program is mainly based on the total implementation of regional programs for the modernization of municipal heat and power engineering in all regions of Ukraine.

8. «Numerical simulation of filtration processes and biogas dynamics in the body of the landfill, taking into account oxygen inflow»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The model of processes of gas formation, hydrodynamics and biogas filtration in a porous body of a solid household waste landfill has been developed. The efficiency of biogas collection and the radius of gas collecting wells are calculated, depending on: the amount of dilution in the well, the depth of the perforation and the height of the covering layer. The fields of distribution of biogas pressure in the body of the landfill have been received for 10 years. The results of calculations give an opportunity to estimate the time of effective operation of biogas extraction systems at landfills and can be used for studying the parameters of gas wells of active biogas collection systems.

9. «Development of the project of the National strategy of heat supply of settlements of Ukraine till 2030»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The corrections and additions to the content of the draft National Heating Policy Strategy of settlements of Ukraine have been made on the basis of the comments received after its public awareness and discussion. The list of some target indicators for monitoring the development of heat supply during the execution of investment programs is given. Proposed indicators and their predictive values for the strategic development of the heat supply system of settlements of Ukraine until 2030

10. «Investigation of the thermal conductivity properties of new composite materials based on PA6 polyamide and aluminum oxide ceramics for the purpose of effective removal of heat from powerful LEDs»

Partners / Support Offices: Institute of Semiconductor Physics named after. V.E.Lashkarev National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A 3D CFD model of heat transfer and thermal dissipation in the cooling system of powerful LED lamps was developed, taking into account the thermophysical properties of new composite materials, and appropriate numerical studies have been carried out. The obtained temperature fields in all constructive parts of a powerful LED lamp for different positions of the lamp in space under standard operating conditions and the efficiency of the cooling system made from a new composite material – thermal conductive ceramics has been proved.

Projects of the department in 2012

1. «Теплофізичні Thermophysical bases for increasing energy efficiency of buildings»

 Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The researches and certain heat-engineering parameters of fencing constructions made from various modern materials have been determined. The whole complex of radiation direct and diffused solar radiation streams on the surface of protective building constructions is determined. The problem of heat supply of multi-storey administrative buildings in the middle latitudes of the Earth with the use of the main source of solar insolation energy is solved. The calculated model of the air-temperature state of a three-storied administrative building, similar to the first building of IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, with a vertical one-pipe system of heating was constructed. The model allows for the known values of temperature and coolant flow to determine the temperature of air in separate rooms, total heat loss through fencing constructions of buildings and heat losses due to unorganized air exchange. A modified version of the heat-autonomous multistory building for the mid latitudes of the northern hemisphere, which feeds 85% by solar radiation, is proposed. The modification consists in more perfect profiling of roof coverings and orientation on annual heat losses of 50 kWh per 1 m² of living space.

The necessity of taking into account the whole set of climatic factors, especially solar insolation, is proved in determining the heat loss through the enclosing structures of buildings. The use of excess summer heat with the help of the “warm floor – heat pump” system reduces the heat losses for heating in the winter by 30 – 50%.

2. «Development of the project of the National strategy of heat supply of settlements of Ukraine till 2030»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The project of the National concept of heat supply of settlements of Ukraine up to 2030 has been developed. It is based on a two-fold reduction in the use of natural gas in 2030 for the needs of the population’s heating and social and budgetary sectors, and a significant (almost an order of magnitude) increase in the use of renewable and local fuels and alternative energy resources of both natural and man-made origin. The project of the National Heating Policy of the Settlements of Ukraine structurally consists of the following blocks: the strategy of heat supply of settlements of Ukraine: the main target benchmarks; system-wide problems and tasks of the National Heat Supply Strategy of settlements of Ukraine; the strategy of development of heat power engineering of Ukraine up to 2030; economic aspects of realization of the National heat supplying strategy of human settlements of Ukraine; social aspects in the context of the implementation of the National Heating Policy Strategy; the efficiency of the final use of heat energy and control systems of the heat supply sector; environmental aspects of the implementation of the National Heating Policy of Ukraine’s settlements.

 Projects of the department in 2011 р.

1. «Creation of an experimental passive type building»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The conceptual foundations for the creation of an experimental, effective, passive type building (total area of 300 sq. M) as a full-scale scientific-technical and technological thermophysical laboratory are created. The models of the process of heat exchange of a building with the environment are developed, taking into account hydrodynamic processes and climatic factors. Calculations of dissipation of thermal energy from the building to the atmosphere have been carried out in order to choose the optimal parameters of the enclosing building structures on the criterion of achieving high thermal energy efficiency. A sketch project of an experimental building was developed, its construction started. A comparative analysis of thermal energy efficiency for building materials and window constructions has been carried out, work on the selection and completion of building materials and window designs of the experimental building has been carried out. The calculations of designs and circuit solutions for energy saving equipment, air conditioning, heating and water supply of the experimental building are executed. Designed schemes and installed heat-saving constructions of the ground floor of the experimental building. The schemes have been developed and the heat-accumulating building constructions of the ground floor of the experimental building are installed.

2. «Aerodynamic and thermal interaction of the building with the external environment»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The thermophysical model has been developed and the calculations of the heat transfer process of the administrative building with the environment have been carried out. The linear method has established the laws of heat transfer from the surfaces of the fencing structures of the administrative (three-storied) structure with the longitudinal and transverse directions of the wind flow. The dependences of the average heat transfer coefficients on the roof surface, as well as on the end and side wall walls of the structure on the scale of the speed of the undisturbed wind flow are obtained.
Numerical simulation of temperature regimes and heating system of separate premises of administrative building is carried out. An analysis of the dynamics of the temperature regime of the administrative building in the winter period of the year and the determined levels of heat loss from surfaces and fencing constructions have been made and recommendations for their reduction have been developed.

3. «Variability of thermal construction of fencing structures (walls, windows, joints of panels, etc.) on the part of the floor of the existing administrative building and monitoring of heat losses during its long exploitation».

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

A variety of thermo-framing of fencing constructions of the second floor of building No. 1 of IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (on Bulakhovskiy St., 2) was carried out, in which: insulated coatings from different types of materials were installed; replaced existing windows with modern energy-efficient double-glazed windows of different types; a measuring system for determining the temperature and heat flows; the main advantages and disadvantages of using concrete insulation materials and energy-saving windows are determined. The method of numerical calculation of radiation-convective heat transfer from a two-panel radiator of convector type is developed. The dependence of the radiation and convective components of the heat flux on the temperature of the coolant, the temperature of the air in the room and the temperature of the outside air are constructed. A calculated model of the air-temperature state of an administrative building, similar to the first building of IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, with a vertical one-pipe system of heating was constructed. The model allows for the known values of temperature and coolant flow to determine the temperature of air in separate rooms, total heat loss through fencing constructions of buildings and heat losses due to unorganized air exchange.

4. «Investigation of heat transfer and hydrodynamic processes of heat carrier in pipe soil heat exchangers, their calculations and testing»

Partners / Support institutions: funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The results of experimental and theoretical studies of thermal and hydraulic processes in a horizontal ground-level heat exchanger of shallow foundation, which was constructed on the territory of IET of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, are presented. The joint work of the heat exchanger with the heat pump is investigated. The conducted theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental data obtained. The pilot experimental research of the ground-based accumulator system with vertical heat exchangers has been performed, the results of which prove the reliability of the data recorded by the measuring complex. Measurement of temperature to a depth of 25 m of soil mass, on which the installation is located, depending on climatic conditions. In order to predict the long-term work of ground-based accumulators, a direct (based on the Bio-Fourier equation) numerical simulation of accumulation processes is performed – the extraction of the heat of such structures. The limited computing resources of modern computers forced the battery to break into 6 typical zones, which allowed the study to be performed. It is established that the efficiency of removal of earlier accumulated heat increases with the increase of battery life and can reach the value of 95%.